Abraham Lincoln Essay -- essays research papers

Lincoln      No leader of the United States at any point accepted office under more troublesome conditions than Abraham Lincoln. When of his initiation day, an enormous bit of the South had just withdrawn when they knew about his political race. Nor did he have the help and certainty of a huge bit of the North either. To most Americans, Lincoln was a relative obscure and his natively constructed picture and propensity for humor frequently drove the two his rivals and his staff to think little of him. General McClellan excused his president as a bozo while the abolitionist Wendall Phillips portrayed Lincoln as a ‘first-rate, inferior man’ who was continually ‘waiting like some other hireling for the individuals to come and send him on any task they wish.’      Such estimations show that Lincoln’s genuine knowledge and political keenness were generally misconstrued, maybe inferable from the way that he was an intricate and extremely private man, not promptly given to imparting his inward considerations to even his nearest consultants. He likewise showed up on a superficial level to take care of business of extraordinary logical inconsistencies. He was abolitionist bondage but then he faltered to free the slaves. He was a firm devotee to the Constitution but then he suspended the writ of habeas corpus.      The answer to these appearing inconsistencies lies in Lincoln’s character. He was both a man of high standards and a realist. His fundamental objective was the safeguarding of the Union. W...

Communications and conflict Essay Example For Students

Interchanges and strife Essay Joannes comprehension of fellowship and business is most likely substantially more conclusive and organized than the white understudy laborer. Asians are known for their adherence to rules and guidelines varying from a progressively laid back perspective of somebody brought up in the United States. Joanne ought to have been progressively mindful of the social contrasts among herself and the understudy laborer, and in doing so could assist with controlling different clashes later on. Joannes second clash happened among her and a partner. This lady was from Puerto Rico, around twenty years more established. They had cooperated for a long time in the equivalent authoritative helper position. This lady was continually reprimanding others for missteps or issues in the workplace. Things would disappear or something would break, and the ladies would quickly reprimand somebody for the disaster. It had consistently irritated Joanne, however as it advanced, the cases turned out to be increasingly genuine. It turned out to be a lot for her when she blamed one for Joannes companions of opening another partners mail and taking cash out of it. Joanne moved toward the ladies and asked her how she realized it was her companion that had taken the cash out of the mail. The ladies didn't have an answer. Joanne then revealed to her that it wasnt reasonable for her to accuse others without legitimate proof that what she was stating was false. She likewise revealed to her that before making statements of this nature, she should move toward the individual she is charging and get the full story. The ladies quickly got cautious and irate. Joanne then turned to humor and mockery to stifle her resentment, poking fun at where the cash had really gone and teasingly blaming the lady for taking it. Joanne made me that making a wisecrack out of it assistant her to vent a portion of her steam yet additionally let others around her know about the circumstance. The contention despite everything exists Joanne still retreats to mockery to manage it (seems like somebody I know). The wellspring of this contention was one of separating convictions in perspectives. It likewise clarifies Joannes impossible serious way to deal with the circumstance despite the fact that she typically is evading. As she referenced before in the meeting, when it is an issue of her convictions, she doesn't stop for a second to state something. Her way to deal with the circumstance was eloquent and she made a non-unfriendly correspondence condition by welcoming the ladies into the discussion. Her contention settling style was obliging, yet the contention was not so much understood. By falling back on kidding and mockery Joanne may have conceivably made a much more serious issue. On the off chance that, by some coincidence, the individual hearing the joke disapproves, the contention can transform into a considerably bigger scope strife. The book says that, jokes or mocking comments can be shielded, as Joanne felt when she utilized them, yet it suggests being progressively transparent when a contention happens. Subsequent to meeting Joanne and dismembering her contentions cautiously, I have come to see how significant refereeing abilities are in todays society. We are gone up against with clashes regular and being proficient about approaches to fathom them is basic in pushing ahead in ones vocation and throughout everyday life. The book relates that, Effective refereeing requires an uplifting mentality toward suitable relational correspondence and toward strife itself. Instead of view all contention as a danger or a negative condition, people need to think about communicated contrasts as the potential for imagination and growth(Borisoff 29). Numerous individuals see strife as negative and blocking to collaborations. However in improving as a contention solver, I have understood that I can utilize clashes to further my potential benefit and use them to make change when I am troubled in a relationship or at work. Its absolutely impossible to totally freed the universe of contentions. Individuals will consistently have contrasts and contradictions, however we should consider it to be, a wellspring of incredible potential and productivity(223). Being able to grasp clashes will guarantee incredible guarantee in managing collaborations in the working environment and seeing someone.

Medusa The Snake Haired Woman With A Deadly Stare Professor Ramos Blog

Medusa The Snake Haired Woman With A Deadly Stare Can any anyone explain why Medusa is viewed as an alarming beast? Is it the snakes on her scalp or, is it on the grounds that with a simple gaze coordinated your direction she can truly freeze you? There are various fantasies encompassing this otherworldly being have been recorded through time. I will utilize some artistic attempts to assist better with understanding the narrative of Medusa and how she came to be this beast everybody knows today. Medusa is a lady who was exceptionally delightful with solid awesome hair that was practically identical to Athena, the goddess of shrewdness. She was Athenas priestess, somebody with a significance in strict position. The goddess of astuteness had gotten in a contention with her affection intrigue and furthermore being another god, Poseidon the divine force of the ocean. Poseidon at that point got irate with Athena and he later on spotted Medusa who he was unable to remove his eyes from. With the information on realizing Medusas rank in Athens where Athena would relate as often as possible, Poseidon chose to explicitly mishandle her since he realized that she accepted and venerated Athena. Medusa at that point immediately connected with Athena for help on the past horrendous encounters she has experienced. When Athena knew about these occasions she was with goaded with Medusa and condemnations her by making the acclaimed beast who could transform any man into stone with direct conta ct. This was a discipline from the goddess since she was explicitly manhandled by Poseidon and in light of the fact that her excellence was contrasted with her own and Athena was not satisfied with that. Medusa was expelled from Athens and her area was advised to be obscure. She was the main human out of the two sisters she had, making her an objective to numerous spectators. In the end, Medusa was executed by a man named Perseus who got help from the divine beings including Athena to overcome her in view of her terrible activities after she was reviled. One of the variants of Medusa is from the book Medusa: Solving the Mystery of The Gorgon where she is depicted as a savage animal. Her appearance has changed from her having flaky skin with sharp teeth to being in human structure with an unattractive face. â€Å"The Gorgons had layered heads, pigs tusks, baldfaced hands, and wings. They had distending tongues, glaring eyes, and snakes folded over their midsections as belts† (Wilk 21). Despite the fact that later in time Medusa’s appearance continued changing, her capacity to transform any being into stone continued as before. Presently, Medusa in Clash of The Titans† shows up as a half lady half snake animal. In the movie explicitly her face possibly turns terrible freely when she reaches someone else or living being. â€Å"The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters†characterizes Medusa as an abhorrent and ghastly beast. â€Å"In later accounts, which center significantly more completely around Medusa than on her two sisters, Medusa is introduced as an Underworld beast associated with death† (Kaleta). She is understood in these three sources as a lady with innumerable passings in her grasp because of the capacity of changing over people into sculptures. Generally dependent on the delineations of Medusa in these sources, she has not been changed a great deal. Her look normally goes to and fro from her being in human structure or part animal part human. Medusa’s story then again normally remains the equivalent. Medusa for me would handily get a rating of four out of five. She can direct be in the classification of a beast. Relatively few beasts have win ds in substitution of hair, this is simply part of Medusa’s special appearance. Cohen has seven all out postulations that conjectures what a beast is. His first proposal â€Å"The Monster’s Body Is a Cultural Body† clarifies that appearance just as the ceremonies done by the beast is based of off culture. This applies to this animal in light of the fact that in specific stories it is informed that Medusa’s refuge is loaded with sculptures from endless individuals and creatures. The vast majority will unmistakably comprehend who is liable for all the human figured stones. Medusa’s work is generally known all through time and the world. Much after Perseus kills Medusa and executes her head, her capacity to transform individuals into stone is still intact.The importance of Medusa in Greek intends to ensure or run the show. Perseus utilized Medusa’s insubstantial head to vanquish his enemies and ensure his friends and family. Her body is a social body and all the more explicitly her head. Additionally the depiction of her skin is s hrouded in scales and her lower body is part snake. These are connoting that snakes are perilous, when one is before a snake one of the main impulses is to gradually move away on the grounds that speedy developments tells the creature that they are in harm's way and snakes shield themselves by gnawing with thier noxious teeth. Postulation number two is about how The Monster Always Escapes. This ties into medusas story and herself on the grounds that in the article The Ashgate Enc of Literary and Cinematic Monsters, it peruses that there have been a great deal of warriors endeavoring to kill Medusa however every one of them fizzled. The one to at last destruction her was Perseus be that as it may, he didn't do only it. Perseus got help from Athena the goddess of insight who gave him a shield that could be utilized as a mirror to see Medusas reflection on the shield without gazing at her legitimately. Hermes the envoy for the divine beings gave the youngster a couple of shoes that had wings, that was utilized to make a trip to his goal. Perseus additionally got a blade from Zues the divine force of thunder. The last thing was a top of imperceptibility given to him by Hades the lord of the Underworld. After her passing, Medusa turns into a watchman in Hades, the place where there is the dead. It is there that Hercules later meets her (Kaleta). After death her spirit despite everything lives on and is presented in different legends story implying that she generally get away and returns. The following proposal is his third one, The Monster is The Harbinger of Category Crisis. The is fundamentally implying that the beast Refuses simple arrangement (Cohen 6). Classes, for example, appearance, timespan, or the setting. Medusa flawlessly fits into this proposal since she is part creature and part human. She likewise has winds on her head rather than hair, and snake like teeth (Kaleta). Numerous individuals dreaded Medusa in the past in light of the fact that she murders individuals in a flash with only a basic look at without flinching. Dread devoured individuals since Medusa causes demise. â€Å"The beast is consistently connected to taboo practices, so as to standardize and to uphold. The beast additionally attracts.The same animals who frighten and prohibit can bring out strong dreamer dreams; the connecting of mass with taboo makes the beast all the all the more engaging as a brief departure from constraint† (Cohen 16). This is a piece of the entry from proposal number six, Fear of The Monster Is Really a Kind of Desire. Medusa is an animal that few contenders in the past that were anxious to kill her. There was a sort of thirst of being the one to overcome Medusa that numerous warriors asked to satisfy. This is a motivation behind why there were a lot of sculptures in Medusa’s nest. Such a significant number of the men bombed up until Perseus won the fight against her. The last theory that will be talked about from Cohen’s article will be proposition number seven â€Å" The Monster Stands at the Threshold†¦ of Becoming.† To summarize, we ourselves are the ones liable for how beasts became, the beasts are our posterity. We are the explanation they were made, it could be founded on how they were dealt with or how the world grouped them. Being viewed as a specific thing can persuade individuals to accept that is the thing that they are. To sum up, Medusa is an incredible beast, all through time she has been a lady of excellence who was reviled by the goddess Athena. Medusas physical structure and appearance is then portrayed as terrible and disappointing to the eye. Because of her adjustment in appearance, she had the ability to transform any man into stone with a straightforward glare. Cohens proposition apply to Medusa dependent on her story and physical highlights. She was not brought into the world a beast, however made and many dreaded her capacities. On account of her uniqueness and many wanted to crush her however just one succeeded, Perseus. In the wake of being crushed Medusa despite everything figured out how to return in different saints story. Medusa is a beast that consistently comes to surface in abstract work. Through time Medusa is by one way or another consistently reintroduced, a beast composed all through our time. Work Cited Page Momentous conflict (2010)- Medusas Lair Scene (6/10). Youtube, transferred by Movieclips, 22 December 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FY00zwMZsqM. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. â€Å"Monster Culture: Seven Theses.† From Monster Theory: Reading Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. 3-25. Kaleta, Marcin Konrad. Medusa. The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters, Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock, Ashgate Publishing, first version, 2014. Philosophy Reference, https://search.credoreference.com/content/passage/ashgtmonster/medusa/0?institutionId=5312. Kayden, Spencer. â€Å"The Hunt for Medusa’s Head. (Spread Story).† Scholastic Scope, vol. 60, no. 2, Sept. 2011, p. 14. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=f6hAN=70047471site=ehost-live. Leterrier, Louis, chief. Epic showdown. Warner Brothers, 2010.Wilk, Stephen R. Medusa†¯: Solving the Mystery of the Gorgon. Oxford University Press, 1999. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=e000xnaAN=41702site=ehost-live.

Urinary Tract Infection Medicine Research Assignment - 275 Words

Urinary Tract Infection Medicine Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONByInstitutionUrinary Tract InfectionUrinary catheters place the patients using them at a risk of developing infections. The tubing when blocked, causing accumulation of urine in the bladder, can lead to infections. Bacteria may also reach the bladder through the tube leading to infection. Some symptoms realized with catheter associated UTI are; swelling, bleeding, or irritation around the catheter; bladder inflammation reduced drainage and reduced mental functionality (Carter, Reitmeier, Goodloe, 2014). The best way to reduce bacteria associated catheter infection is to remove it whenever it is no longer needed, and limit it to patients who require it more (Hooton, Bradley, Cardenas, Colgan, Geerlings, Rice, Nicolle, 2010).According to Carter et al. (2014), the best way to maintain catheters is to catheterize patients only when it is essential, and emphasize the importance of proper hand washing for all, insert catheters with sterile equipment using aseptic technique. Additionally, provide proper catheter maintenance, perform daily perineal care and after every bowel movement, note the clarity of urine at each shift, and remove the catheter as soon as possible. The catheter area and drainage bag should be clean all the times, and the bag emptied every eight hours (Carter et al. 2014). At all times the placement of the collection-bag and catheter tubing should be below the bladder, and the patient should have sufficient fluid intake (Carter et al. 2014). Additionally, the catheter tubing should not have any kinks and clamps and using small sized French catheter.Prevention of use of indwelling catheters and CAUTI is through inserting the indwelling catheter at the right condition, using proper insertion techniques, careful maintenance procedures, and elimination at earliest likely opportunity, ...

The XYZ Affair Dispute Between France and the U.S.

The XYZ Affair was a dispute between diplomats from France and the United States in 1797 and 1798, during the early days of the presidential administration of John Adams that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War. Peace was quickly restored when the U.S. and France agreed on the Convention of 1800, also known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine. The dispute’s name comes from the letters used by President Adams to refer to the French diplomats: Jean Hottinguer (X), Pierre Bellamy (Y), and Lucien Hauteval (Z). Key Takeaways: The XYZ Affair The XYZ Affair was a serious diplomatic dispute between France and the United States in 1797 and 1798 that led to the undeclared war between the nations known as the Quasi-War.The name of the affair comes from the letters X, Y, and Z used by U.S. President John Adams to refer to the names of three of the French diplomats involved.The dispute and Quasi-War were resolved by the Convention of 1800, also known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine. Background In 1792, France went to war with Britain, Austria, and several other European monarchies. U.S. President George Washington had directed America to remain neutral. However, France, angered by the United States’ conclusion of Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain in 1795, began seizing American ships transporting goods to their enemies. In response, President John Adams sent U.S diplomats Elbridge Gerry, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and John Marshall to France in July 1797 with orders to restore harmony. Far from brokering peace, the U.S. envoys soon found themselves embroiled in the XYZ Affair. Jay's Treaty Had Angered France Ratified in 1795, Jay’s Treaty between the United States and Great Britain peacefully resolved issues lingering after the Treaty of Paris of 1783 had ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty also facilitated a decade of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain during the height of the bloody French Revolutionary Wars. Having just helped the U.S. defeat the British in its own revolution, France was deeply angered by Jay’s Treaty. In the United States, the treaty divided Americans, contributing to the creation of America’s first political parties, the pro-Treaty Federalists and the anti-Treaty Anti-Federalists or Democratic Republicans. The XYZ Negotiations: A Bad Time Was Had by All Even before they sailed for Paris, American diplomats Gerry, Pinckney, and Marshall were not optimistic. Like others in the Adams administration, they viewed the French government—the Directory—as a source of such extreme decadence and intrigue that it would stand in the way of accomplishing their mission. Sure enough, as soon as they arrived, the American trio was told they would not be allowed to meet face-to-face with the French Foreign Minister and chief diplomat, the flamboyant and unpredictable Maurice de Talleyrand. Instead, they were met by Talleyrand’s intermediaries, Hottinguer (X), Bellamy (Y), and Hauteval (Z). Also stirring the pot was French playwright Pierre Beaumarchais, who had helped funnel much-needed French money to the United States during the American Revolution. X, Y, and Z told the Americans that Talleyrand would meet with them only if they agreed to satisfy three conditions: The United States had to agree to provide France with a substantial low-interest loan.The United States had to agree to pay all claims of damages filed against France by owners of American merchant ships seized or sunk by the French Navy.The United States had to pay a bribe of 50,000 British pounds directly to Talleyrand, himself. While the U.S. envoy was aware that diplomats from other nations had paid bribes in order to deal with Talleyrand, they were shocked and doubted that any such concessions on their part would result in substantial changes in French policy. In reality, Talleyrand had intended to end the French attacks on U.S. merchant shipping all along, but only after increasing his personal wealth and political influence within the French Directory government. In addition, Talleyrand’s intermediaries, X, Y, and Z, having invested heavily in U.S. businesses themselves, wanted to preserve peace. However, emboldened by France’s victories in its ongoing war with Britain, X, Y, and Z increased the amount of the requested U.S. loan and even threatened a military invasion of America if the U.S. diplomats refused to agree. When the U.S. diplomats held their ground and refused to agree to the French demands, Talleyrand finally met with them. While he dropped his demands for a loan and a bribe, he refused to put an end to French seizures of American merchant ships. While Americans Pinckney and Marshall prepared to leave France, Elbridge Gerry decided to remain, hoping to avert an outright war. President John Adams Reaction to the XYZ Affair As he read the disheartening reports from Gerry, Pinckney, and Marshall, President Adams prepared for war with France. While pro-war Federalists urged Congress to support him, Democratic-Republican leaders distrusted his motives and demanded that he make the diplomatic correspondence from Paris public. Adams agreed, but knowing the sensitivity of the contents, he redacted the names of Talleyrand’s intermediaries, replacing them with the letters X, Y, and Z. He also used the letter W to refer to Nicholas Hubbard, an Englishman employed by a Dutch bank who took part in the latter stages of the negotiations. Though Adams prepared for war, he never officially declared it. In France, Talleyrand, realizing the risks of his actions, sought to restore diplomatic relations with America and the U.S. Congress agreed to negotiate directly with the French Directorate. Meanwhile, in the Caribbean, the U.S. Navy had started fighting French forces commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte attempting to defeat Toussaint L’Ouverture, leader of the Haitian independence movement. The Convention of 1800 By 1799, Napoleon had come to power in France and was focused on recovering the North American Louisiana territory from Spain. Talleyrand, retained by Napoleon as Foreign Minister, was trying to prevent further hostilities with the U.S. The British, still at war with France, were thrilled with the growing anti-French sentiment in the U.S. and offered to help the Americans fight their common foe. However, President Adams was convinced that if France had really wanted an all-out war it would have responded to America’s attacks on French ships in the Caribbean. For his part, Talleyrand, also fearing the costs of a full-scale war, hinted that he would meet with a new American diplomat. Despite the public’s and the Federalists’ desire for war, Adams sent not one, but three peace negotiators—William Vans Murray, Oliver Ellsworth, and William Richardson Davie—to France. In March 1800, American and French diplomats finally convened in Paris to hammer out a peace agreement. After first annulling the 1778 Treaty of Alliance, they reached a new agreement based on the original Model Treaty of 1776 that would become known as the Convention of 1800.  Ã‚   The agreement peacefully ended the 1778 alliance between the United States and France while releasing France from any financial responsibility for damages to U.S. shipping and commerce since the start of the French Revolution. The specific terms of the Convention of 1800 included: The Quasi-War was to end.France agreed to return captured American ships.U.S. agreed to compensate its citizens for damages inflicted by France on American shipping (damages totaled $20 million; U.S. paid $3.9 million to heirs of original claimants in 1915).The Franco-American Alliance was terminated.U.S. and France granted each other most-favored-nation status.U.S. and France reestablished commercial relations on terms similar to those outlined in Franco-American Alliance. It would not be for nearly 150 more years that the United States would enter into another formal alliance with a foreign country: the Montevideo Convention was ratified in 1934. Sources Stinchcombe, William (1980). â€Å"The XYZ Affair.† Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313222344.Berkin, Carol. â€Å"A Sovereign People: The Crises of the 1790s and the Birth of American Nationalism.† New York: Basic Books, 2017.DeConde, Alexander. â€Å"The Quasi-War: The Politics and Diplomacy of the Undeclared War with France, 1797-1801.† New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1966.Kuehl, John W. â€Å"Southern Reaction to the XYZ Affair: An Incident in the Emergence of American Nationalism.† Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 70, no. 1 (1972)Lyon, E. Wilson (September 1940). â€Å"The Franco-American Convention of 1800.† The Journal of Modern History.

The ENIAC Project Its Significance in Computer Science...

The ENIAC Project: Its Significance in Computer Science and Society â€Å"†¦With the advent of everyday use of elaborate calculations, speed has become paramount to such a high degree that there is no machine on the market today capable of satisfying the full demand of modern computational methods. The most advanced machines have greatly reduced the time required for arriving at solutions to problems which might have required months or days by older procedures. This advance, however, is not adequate for many problems encountered in modern scientific work and the present invention is intended to reduce to seconds such lengthy computations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  From the ENIAC patent (No. 3,120,606), filed 26 June 1947. When World War II broke out in 1939†¦show more content†¦However, both of these two men did most of the work on the ENIAC and deserve credit for its creation. The army deserves credit as well. Without the military’s discovery, driven by the emergency of lack of war technology, the ENIAC memo might never have been found and the project never initiated. The ENIAC was an incredibly complex and gigantic machine for its time. Although simple calculators that were able to add and multiply had existed for several years, the ENIAC was unique for several reasons. The ENIAC had twenty individual accumulators, rapid adding machines, which were able to add digits 0 through 9 very quickly. The fascinating part of the accumulators was that they were able to remember and store each computation and use it later on. â€Å"ENIAC could discriminate between the sign of a number, compare quantities for equality, add, subtract, multiply, divide, and extract square roots. ENIAC stored a maximum of twenty 10 digit decimal numbers. Its accumulators combined the functions of an adding machine and storage unit. No central memory unit existed. Storage was localized within the functioning units of the computer.†(3) What makes the ENIAC the first â€Å"digital† or personal computer is the fact that it had a central programming unit that would determine which accumulators to activate and what to do with their outputs. This central programming unit used repeating loops so that different units of the ENIAC could work atShow MoreRelatedImpact of Computer on Record Keeping3125 Words   |  13 PagesTHE IMPACT OF COMPUTER APPLICTION ON RECORD KEEPING. A CASE STUDY OF PHCN. BY AHMAD UMAR DEWA A PROJECT SUBMITE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The introduction and use of computer can not be over emphasized. Often time, it’s application has resulted in the fast transformation of theRead MoreThe History Of Computer Engineering2185 Words   |  9 Pages The History of Computer Engineering What exactly is computer engineering? Many people may consider computer engineering as the branch of engineering that integrates electronic engineering with computer sciences. Being a computer engineering major, I must be aware of what I am dealing with in that major and how I plan to use what I learned from it in the future. If I was to just pick a major without any prior knowledge to it, then that would be senseless on my behalf. Now that I am mindful of theRead MoreComputers7651 Words   |  31 Pages------------------------------------------------- Computer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see  Computer (disambiguation). Computer system redirects here. For other uses, see  Computer system (disambiguation). Computer technology redirects here. For the company, see  Computer Technology Limited. Computer | | A  computer  is a general purpose device that can be  programmed  to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. 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Originally, they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern  personal computers  (PCs).[1] Modern computers based on  integrated circuits  are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machinesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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passage to india Persuasive Essay Example For Students

passage to india Persuasive Essay A Passage to India Hindu Influence Several different literary elements work in tandem to produce the magic seen in E. M. Forsters A Passage to India. Because this novel was presented to the world less than a decade after World War I, the fantastic and exotic stories of India seized the attention of the relatively provincial society of the day, and the novels detailed presentation of Hinduism certainly excited the imaginations of thousands of readers. Benita Parry supports this assertion when saying, Hinduism takes its place at the core of the novel just as it lies at the heart of India (164). How powerful was Hinduism in India? Historians have pointed out that the Indian masses united with strength only when Gandhi appealed to them through Hinduism (Parry 164). With this in mind, it seems reasonable for Forster to devote much energy to portraying the Hindu religion. Furthermore, Forster himself expressed that he viewed himself as on nearer nodding terms with Krishna (the Hindu god of literature, art, music, and dance) than with any other god (McDowell 105). The clash between Hinduism and Christianity in A Passage to India parallels the conflict between the Indians and the English. Hinduism is best represented in the novel by Professor Godbole, and Christianity is epitomized in Mrs. Moore. Mrs. Moore comes to India with the kindness and understanding heart of a devout Christian but leaves morose and peevish. Perhaps she is haunted into this state by Professor Godboles strange song:At times there seemed rhythm, at times there was the illusion of a Western melody. But the ear, baffled repeatedly, soon lost any clue, and wandered in a maze of noises, none harsh or unpleasant, none intelligible. The sounds continued and ceased after a few moments as casually as they had begun apparently half through a bar, and upon the subdominant (84-85). When Godbole explains that his song is about a milkmaid begging for the Krishnas assistance, and Krishnas failure to appear, Mrs. Moore asks, But he comes in another song, I hope? to which Godbole immediately replies, Oh no, he refuses to come. I say to him , Come, come, come, come, come, come. He neglects to come (85). It is this song that forces Mrs. Moore and Adela Quested into emotional cocoons from which they only escape to meet horrible circumstances: Mrs. Moore is terrorized to the point of apathy, and Mrs. Quested meets horror in the caves. Although Forster admits that he finds the Hindu religion to be the most agreeable, he obviously does not hesitate to depict the flaws of the religion. Professor Godbole is undeniably distant from the mainstream society, and because of this forbidding remoteness, Godbole can never hope to actually bring about any reforms. Many critics pay special attention to authors mastery of characterization, but in A Passage to India, Forster proves that abstract ideas, such as the Hindu religion, can be developed and portrayed with as much detail as a protagonist. Because of Forsters talent, the reader, upon completing the novel, feels equally acquainted with both the Hinduism of Professor Godbole and the Christianity of Mrs. Moore.

Math in real life Essay Example

Math in real life Essay I think that many math topics have meaning and relevancy and are dependent on the path one takes in terms of finding real world application. For example, sports is largely dependent on sports. Decisions are made based regarding playing time as well as strategy based on percentages. In baseball, there is a strong use of math. Managers have to make decisions on which pitchers to start and, especially so in games of importance, those decisions are predicated upon statistical reality. If a pitcher has a better winning percentage in certain conditions, this will help to sway the manager.The calculation of batting average is a mathematical reality. It is not common to hear enthusiasts of the sport say, Hes hitting . 400 and will finish above if he goes 3 of 5 today! These are math concepts integrated in speech and analysis. On a larger level, I am not sure how one can get past the practical applications of math in personal finances. Balancing a checkbook, creating budgets, anticipating co sts and profits are all math based and reflect maths use in the real world.In terms advanced concepts such as the Pythagorean Theorem, I have included a couple of links that can help apply the theorem in the realm of map-making, cartography, or in constructing a quicker route home from two different points given Mathematics: Everywhere amp; EverydayMathematics expresses itself everywhere, in almost every facet of life in nature all around us, and in the technologies in our hands. Mathematics is the language of science and engineering describing our understanding of all that we observe.The Mathematics Everywhere amp; Everyday Exhibition  explores the many wonders and uses of mathematics in our lives. This exhibition is divided into nine areas focusing on different aspects of mathematics. Gallery Pathways worksheets prepared for primary and secondary school classes are available on request and booking. Please view our  Enrichment Programmes – Gallery Pathways  for more information on booking, etc. Introduction amp; ConceptsMathematics has been around since the beginnings of time and it most probably began with counting.Learn the history of mathematics, and get to know some of the greatest mathematical minds and their contributions. In this section, you are also introduced to some basic mathematical concepts and counting tools – from giant electronic calculators to the abaci of different cultures. HighlightThe Ames Room shows the effects of scale and illusion In Counting Counting various quantities is one of the activities that people engage in  from young. However, sometimes we wonder, just how big is one million?See how much space one million saga seeds occupy and be awed by numbers that you can relate to in your daily lives like the number of heartbeats in a typical lifetime. Sometimes, numbers can be used to fool people. Some exhibits in this section provide a few examples of well-known mathematical tricks. In Shapes, Curves amp; Patte rnsCircles, squares and  triangles are just a few of the shapes that are familiar to us through our daily lives. Discover the usefulness, beauty and cleanness of the round shape, and learn more about the other shapes that can be found around us.This section also features the Mobius strip that has several curious properties. In Nature 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13 This is the Fibonacci Sequence, where each number is derived from adding the previous two numbers. This sequence of numbers can be found in many natural patterns  like in pineapples, sunflowers, nautilus and pine cones. Our eyes are usually drawn to objects that are symmetrical. Leonardo Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man is often used as a representation of symmetry in the human body.The Soothing Symmetries  exhibit anchors this section and explains what symmetry means to science and in mathematics, as well as in everyday life. In Games amp; Puzzles Many, if not all puzzles and games require mathematical logic and deduction. Thi s section uses the fun and excitement of various popular games and puzzles, and the exhilaration of solving them, to attract and engage the visitors  to realise the mathematics in fun and games. Highlight The Odds Are Stacked Against You! xplores the odds of various casino games like roulette, blackjack and slot machines. This will set many thinking about their  chances of winning in gambling. In Time amp; The Heavens Mathematics was developed to understand the cycles of nature as observed in the seasons. Ancient people understood the need to define time in relation to celestial movements for agricultural, astronomical, astrological and navigational reasons. This section looks at the mathematics of astronomy,  its relationship to the inventions of various cultural-historical alendars, and the division of time into units of hours, minutes and seconds. In Real ApplicationsMathematic is used in our everyday lives; from figuring out the amount needed to buy your lunch to calculati ng the bank’s interest. This section explores some of the real life applications of mathematics. For example, internet banking is getting more and more common these days, and we depend on cryptology  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the study of protecting information using codes  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ to keep our transactions safe. Learn more about how it is done in this section|Awesome, Fearsome CalculusCalculus is the study of change and it is one of the most important fields in mathematics. Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz are usually credited with the invention of calculus. Newton used calculus in his laws of motion and gravitational attraction. Explore  an introductory calculus lesson  by taking something to the limit in Know Your Limits, and learn more about slopes, tangents, integration and differentiation in this sections other exhibits. | Back to Top

Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays

Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays Among different kinds of essays you have to write at school, comparison and contrast essays are perhaps the most interesting ones. Writing comparison and contrast essays develops your analytical skills, you can improve your ability to compare and make conclusions. Well, if you are not sure how to write a comparison and contrast essay, you are reading the right article. Starting your comparison and contrast essayTo make a good start of your comparison and contrast essay, make sure you know the basis for comparison. Start with providing some common features, after that find the characteristics which are different, and then make a conclusion. For instance, you do not know how to write a comparison and contrast essay on the Bible. Well, pick out one story which you like. For example, let it be a story about Cain and Abel. As a matter of common features, write that both of them worked very hard. Then, to contrast them, start with giving the infor mation that Cain worked in the field, and Abel was a shepherd. Then, write that Abel was humble and kind, and Cain was envious and mean. Once, both of them decided to make a sacrifice to God. While God accepted Abels gift, Cains sacrifice was neglected. That is why we can make a conclusion that God sees in a persons heart, it is impossible to hide anything from Him.Comparison contrast essay writing secretsWriting comparison and contrast essays, remember that it is important to sound emphatic. Sometimes it is not easy to find points to compare. For example, you may not know how to write a comparison and contrast essay on some modern book. Modern authors often avoid describing their characters as opposites; they want them to look like real people which have both positive and negative traits. This can complicate writing comparison and contrast essays. For instance, how to write a comparison and contrast essay on History? If you have to compare two poques, choose the main points to characterize. They can be the economical situation in the country, the demographical situation, the level of science development. Write some information about education and culture of these periods. Writing comparison and contrast essays on History, it is also important to mention the level of material welfare of people. In conclusion write in which poque peoples life was better. Now we think that you know how to write a comparison and contrast essay and you will easily complete your assignment.

Effectiveness of Treatment Programs Research Paper

Effectiveness of Treatment Programs - Research Paper Example Patients having the problems relating to abuse of drugs are treated with the help of introducing and applying various treatment programs for the sole purpose of discontinuation of the use of drugs and other kinds of intoxicating chemicals. Apart from this, treatment programs concerning alcoholism are extensively introduced as well as exploited wherein patients with abnormal drinking habits are assisted through the most advanced measures of treatment that may include different types of exercises and meditation among others. Treatment relating to discontinuation to the habit of smoking is also provided to various patients. In addition to all the above treatment programs, there also exist certain other effectual treatment programs that are implemented in various hospitals and medical centers. In this regard, the other treatment programs embrace psychiatric treatment, wilderness therapy and residential treatment programs among others (Morral, 2006). Concept of Treatment Programs The conc eption of treatment programs aims to provide proper cure to an individual, a patient or a group of patients. It has been apparently observed that different types of treatment programs are provided to the patients for the purpose of providing effective measures for the discontinuation of various sorts of unhealthy practices that might affect the overall health of a person to a drastic level. Furthermore, treatment programs are also implemented so as to provide proper assistance for improving the mental conditions of a patient by a certain degree. There may be different kinds of patients having various problems in relation to psychological aspects. The idea concerning treatment programs especially deals with all the problems that might disrupts the behavioral attitudes of the individuals or the people in the form of students by a greater level. It is worth mentioning that effective treatment programs are designed as well as exploited to provide relief to the patients and help them in sustaining a healthy life (Morral, 2006). Effectiveness of Treatment Programs Treatment programs are structured and implemented to provide proper solutions to various patients having different medical problems that may constitute health along with mental problems. It also constitutes itself with different types of treatment which is provided to the patients so as to help them in discontinuing various types of harmful health practices that might include smoking, drinking alcohol and taking drugs among others. In order to determine the effectiveness of diverse treatment programs, it has been apparently observed that various sorts of treatment programs provide great aid to the patients for leading a healthier life and becoming free from conducting any kind of harmful activity relating to health and psychological problems. Different treatment programs are meant to provide distinct outcomes, but all the outcomes are specifically targeted to focus a common goal i.e. curing the patients. T reatment of a patient lays much importance in his life as it provides him/her the opportunity to start a life afresh. Different treatment programs have been viewed to provide active support to the patients in developing their morale and also raising their self-motivation by a greater level. These programs relating to treatment proves to provide the patients with increased number of health benefits. The introduction along with the execution of diverse treatm

The relationship between price and Money Supply Research Paper

The relationship between price and Money Supply - Research Paper Example This is done by issuing sufficient monetary instruments when required. The Central banks also help the government in designing the currency of the country, which includes all the unique features. 2. It is involved in regulating and co-coordinating with the government and the stated economic policies of the country. 3. The interest rates are also controlled by the central banks to maintain price stability within the country. It also has to keep a track of the inflation in the market. The Central Banks of all the countries have an effective plan for managing the public debts. They do this through the sales and purchase of government papers such as bonds and securities. 4. The Central Bank is also known as a banker's bank. This means that the commercial banks of the countries are also regulated by the Central banks of the respective country. The Central bank not only regulates them but also provide adequate financial assistance in time of need. 5. The central bank needs to ensure the pr oper functioning of the financial systems within the county. They regulate the banking system within the country and are answerable to the world market (Downes & Vaez-Radeh, 1991). Balance Sheet Analysis The Balance Sheet of Central Banks has the list of all the liabilities and the assets that the Central Bank possesses. It is important to study the balance sheet of the Central banks in order to understand how they implement the monetary policy because the balance sheet reflects the sales, purchase records of the Central Bank and also states the holding. The Central Bank is the in charge for issuing the country's currency and it also posses the power to eliminate the power of the currency. In short, we can say that the balance sheet shows the true picture of the actions of the Central Bank. The balance sheet of a Central Bank focuses on three main components: bankers to commercial banks, Issuing the nations' currency and banker to the government of the country (Jadhav, 2006, p. 246) . The Balance Sheet needs to be analyzed from two viewpoints such as: as an issuer of currency and duty to maintain the price stability and the growth of the economy through attaining the monetary policies of the countries' economy. It is important to know certain important perspectives to understand the balance sheets of the Central banks. Firstly, the central banks are fully government owned. There are very few exceptions, but in that case there are certain restrictions on the share-holding patterns. Secondly, Central banks are the only banker for the government of ever nation. Finally, the Central bank also has to take care of the public debt. It has to always see that the net foreign asset is higher compared to the currency, so as to see that the domestic demand of foreign currency is duly met The monetary base The two components of money supply are monetary base and money multiplier. Monetary base includes the reserves and the outstanding currency of the economy. It comes in th e asset side, in the balance sheet, of the central bank. It links the central banks to the other measures of the money supply. So we can

Phoenix Jones Character Analysis Essay Example for Free

Phoenix Jones Character Analysis Essay They say with age, comes wisdom. They say a tough life will build tough people. That the world, no matter how terrible it may seem or how bad things get, is only what you make of it. This has never been shown more so by Phoenix Jackson from Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path†. Encumbered with age and poverty, Phoenix shows fortitude, cleverness, and a child-like view of the world while traveling to the city for medicine. Welty’s love of literature from her mother, and classic writing style with African American characters (Marrs) is clearly displayed in â€Å"A Warn Path†. Eudora Welty, whose life spanned most of the 20th century, represented the world of the deep American South in multiple genres. In stories, novels, and photography, the Pulitzer Prize winner was especially interested in the relationship of place to character. Her art explores the impact of place on the life of the individual depending on race, gender, and economic status, as well as the reverse influence of the individual character on environment, which is exeptionally displayed in â€Å"A Warn Path† (Marrs). In â€Å"A worn path† an elderly african-american woman, named Pheonix Jones, is up against the world on her way to town. Armed with nothing but her cane, she maneuvers through obstactle after obstacle, showing perseverence in the highest fashion through every disincentive that inhibits her journey. As such, her story depicts the Depression in the United States from the vantage point of a victim insufficiently represented in art—though a victim who, like the mythological phoenix her name evokes, resists annihilation, Phoenix transcends the abuse she experiences. This essay will explore Eudora Weltys character Phoenix Joness most exemplary traits. It will shine light on her fortitude, ingenuity, and light hearted view of the world. Provided along with Phoenixs traits is examples in which she shows each trait, with direct reference to â€Å"A worn path†. Imagine, having every bone in your body weakened with over seventy plus years of aging. You now have the bones of Phoenix Jones. Weakened, she struggles to get to town. Yet, still she keeps trecking over every obstacle thrown at her. This calls to merit her outstanding fortitude. At one point she encounters a barbed wire fence. With barbs glaring at her, hungry to put a halt to her journey, â€Å"There she had to creep and crawl, spreading her knees and stretching her fingers like a baby trying to climb the steps. But she talked loudly to herself: she could not let her dress be torn now, so late in the day, and she could not pay for having her arm or her leg sawed off if she got caught fast where she was. At last she was safe throught the fence and risen up out of the clearing,† (Welty 850). This is a fine example of her phenominal perseverance and fortitude, showing she was not only going to get through, but she refused to let that fence make even a scratch on her dress. And even before that, at the start of her journey, she already had shown her tremendous amount of determination. As she starts out on her journey she exclaims with a fiery attitude â€Å"Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals! Keep out from under theses feet, little bob whites. Keep the big wild hots out of my path. Dont let none of those come running my direction. I got a long way† (Welty 849-850). This shows that her mind is already set on getting to town and nothing is stopping her. These fine examples show the true, raw determination and fortitude within Pheonix Jones, showing that she may be frail, but she is anything but weak. There are few things that make true â€Å"good character†. Imagination is one of them. No one has better imagination than a child. A child sees the world as something different something better. Phoenix Jones clearly holds her inner-child within herself after all these years. After traveling a piece she decides to rest. â€Å"Up above her was a tree in a pearly cloud of mistletoe. She did not dare to close her eyes, and when a little boy brought her a plate with a slice of marble cake on it she spoke to him. â€Å"That would be exceptable,† she said† (Welty 850). Her imagination peeking forth, this shows even through her journey, she imagines a little boy giving her a slice of delicious cake, presenting that everything does not have to be serious. A little piece onward, she shows her enlightening imagination running wild again as she runs up on a menacing scarecrow that she gazes at from a distance. â€Å"Ghost,† she said sharply, â€Å"who you be the ghost of? For I have heard of nary death close by. † She found a coat inside that an emtiness, cold as ice. â€Å"You scarecrow† she said †Dance, old scare crow† she said, â€Å"while I dancing with you. † She kicked her foot over the furrow, and with mouth drawn down, shook her head once or twice in a little strutting way,† (Welty 851). Her fun loving child-like nature is highlighted through this passage, showing that she took a fear, and enlightened it when she found out it was a scarecrow, dancing with it, showing the trophy of imagination and optimism. Welty shows through Pheonix that imagination will never die, and that it is a precious tool to get over any obstacle. Further down the warn path, Phoenix is greeted by a discourteous hunter helping her up after she fell in a ditch in the wake of a nosy dog coming to investigate this strange intruder. This point is where she shows her cleverness and wit. As she is talking to the hunter, â€Å" Without warning, she had seen with her own eyes a flashing nickel fall out of the mans pocket onto the ground† (Welty 843), and she said nothing. As it continues the hunter runs off and she wittily bent over in his absence and â€Å"The yellow palm of her hand came out from the fold of her apron. Her fingers slid down and along the ground under the piece of money with the grace and care they would have in lifting an egg from under a setting hen†(Welty 843). As he later lies about having money to spare, this presents her wit, as she gained five cents from this brash traveller who has the audacity to later hold a gun to her head as a joke, which does not intimidate her, and only shows once again the fortitude previously stated in the last paragraph. As she gets to her destination, a clinic that she gets medicine from, she meets an attendant when she first walks in. She came to claim a bottle of medicine through charity for her grandson, which may just be a guise to get free medication, which in itself is a example of clever planning, the example I am using is of her interaction with the attendant. â€Å"Its Christmas time, Grandma,† said the attendant. â€Å"Could I give you a few pennies out of my purse? † â€Å"Five pennies is a nickel,† said Phoenix stiffly† â€Å"Heres a nickel,† said the attendant† (Welty 856). She persuades the attendant to give her a nickel, which in total gives her a dime, showing her witty resourcefulness. Whether she uses this ten cent for her grandson a windmill, or something else she wishes to buy, her adept skill and dexterity is presented as she uses wit and expierence to claim these precious boons. Pheonix Jones is a woman of many traits. From her perseverance to her sly inginuity, she uses all her characteristics to get through â€Å"A Warn Path†. She shows her child like perception in a way that eases the burdon of travelling. To the hills and back again seven times fold, her fortitude and will is an object of pure sovereinty over obstacles in her way and in her head. And with just a little bit of quick thinking and bamboozlement she was able to obtain a secondary reward from her journey, a skill that comes in handy throughout her life. Pheonix Jones is a pure, text book definition of strong.

Achromatopsia :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Achromatopsia When I was young, I was told that "color blindness" did not mean that the person saw the world like an old movie, but rather it meant that they could not distinguish between green and red. I thought that this understanding was very advanced and would quickly share my knowledge with any less-informed children. After looking into the matter, I have been forced to reject this generalization in favor of a broader range of diseases resulting in very different types of inabilities to perceive color in a "normal" fashion. While the typical color blindness I was told about affects 8 percent of men and less than 1 percent of women in the United States (1), there are many other types. The most common types of color blindness, effecting red and green vision, are not too serious for the sufferers, who can function normally and do not have overly impaired vision other than an inability to distinguish between certain colors. There are, however, more serious forms of "color blindness", such as blue cone monochromatopsia, partial rod monochromatopsia, and total rod monochromatopsia (3). The rod monochromats are also known as achromats, meaning they see no color at all. Only about 1/33,000 Americans has this disease, and women and men are effected roughly equally (3). This most severe variety of color blindness has many interesting symptoms which reveal a lot about rod vision. Achromats have what can be called "night vision" or rod vision. This means that the only functioning receptors in their retina are rod photoreceptors. The cones are either absent entirely or are present but the signals are not being processed for some reason. There are two types of achromatopsia, one is congenital and the other can be caused by brain damage, called cerebral achromatopsia (3). There are also varying degrees of achromatopsia, with some sufferers being able to distinguish some color and others absolutely none. I will focus on the congenital version since cerebral achromatopsia varies in its symptoms and cause quite a bit, as well as being much more rare and so fewer cases have been studied. Congenital color blindness has more regular symptoms which can be used to demonstrate how rod-vision works. One of the most noticeable things about an achromat that reveals their vision deficiency is sensitivity to light (8). Cone vision is what most people use during the day, since cones have less light sensitivity, meaning they can absorb more light without discomfort, although they too can be overloaded with light (like looking into the sun).

Rational Theory

This paper introduces Rational System Perspectives in relations to four promin ent schools of organization theory; which are Taylor’s scientific management, Fayol’s general principles of management, Weber’s theory of bureaucracy and Simon’s discussion on administrative behavior. Rational System Perspectives There are two key elements characterizing rational systems: 1) Goal Specificity Specific goals support rational behavior in organizations by providing guideli nes on structural design, which leads to specify what tasks are to be performe d and how resources are to be allocated. ) Formalization Formalization is an attempt to make behavior more predictable by standardizing and regulating. Formalization provides stable expectation, which is a precond ition to rationality. Selected schools The author related rational system perspectives to four schools of organizatio nal theories. Taylor’s Scientific Management (1911) Taylor Scientifically analyzed t asks performed by individual workers and disco vered the best procedure that would produce the maximum output with the minimu m input of resources.His attempts (to rationalize labor at level of the indiv idual worker )led to changes in the entire structure of work arrangement. Ther efore, efficiency improved. His four principles includes: 1) Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work. 2) Scientifically select and train workers. 3) Heartily cooperate with workers to ensure that each work is done as plan. 4) Divide work and responsibilities between management and workers. Taylor also proposed the use of incentive system based on performance as a mot ivation tool.Arguments: 1) Workers resisted time-study procedures that attempt to standardize every as pect of their performance. 2) Workers rejected incentive system requiring them to perform continuously at a peak level of efficiency. Fayol’s Administrative Theory (1916) Fayol emphasized management functions by proposing broad administrative principles as guidelines to achieve rationalization of organizational activiti es. Fayol’s and other supporters believed in two main types of management activi ties. ) Coordination includes any elements related to collaborations of individuals such as scalar chain, unity of command, span of control and exception princip le. 2) Specialization involves various activities distributed among positions abou t how such positions can most effectively be grouped into work units. For exam ple, departmentalization, line-staff principle. Arguments: Herbert Simon was one of the main opponents of this theory. He commenced that so-called principles are truthful, but not realistic. Thus, they are inapplica ble (details will be discussed).Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy (1922) Weber developed a theory of authority structures and describes organizational activity on the basis of authority relations. By building the structure, task responsibilities and de cision-making authorities would be clearly defined. He proposed that rational-legal authority (the authority a person possesses be cause of his/her position in an organization, not because of wealth, social st atus or individual’s admirable character) provides the value to develop the u niversal authority structure called â€Å"bureaucracy†.Weber’s ideal bureaucracy principles includes: 1) Division of labor. Jobs are broken down into simple, routine, and well-defi ned tasks. 2) Authority hierarchy. Positions are organized in a hierarchy, each lower one being controlled and supervised by a higher one. 3) Formal selection. Members are selected on the basis of technical qualificat ions (training, education of formal examination). 4) Formal rules and regulations. Managers must depend on formal rules to ensur e uniformity. 5) Impersonality. There is no personal preference of employees. ) Career orientation. Managers do not own the units they manage. They work fo r sa lary and pursue their careers. Arguments There are self-contradictions in Weber’s principles. 1) Management based on discipline: individuals obey the rules and orders becau se they regard the rules and orders as methods to fulfill organizational goals . Therefore, obedience is a mean to an end. 2) Management based on bureaucracy: individuals obey the rules because rules a re considered as commands, setting aside their judgements. Thus, obedience is an end itself.Simon’s Theory of Administrative Behavior (1958) Simon proposed a more realistic view related to rational system perspectives b y pointing out the boundaries (limits and constraints) on how rational manager s can be in making decisions. He introduced the term â€Å"bounded rationality†. Rather than pursuing all alternatives to identify the best solution that would maximize returns, managers will choose the solution that appears to solve the problem, even though they realized the chosen solution is not th e best one, d ue to time/cost constraints and other limitations.Furthermore, Simon clarified the process by which goal specificity and formali zation contribute to rational behavior in organization. Goal specificity: He introduced â€Å"means-ends chains† which establish a hierar chy of goals. According to organizational level, each level of activity is con sidered as an end relative to the levels below it and as a mean relative to th e level above it. Formalization: Simon believed formalized structure supports rational decision making in the sense that formalization simplifies a border of responsibilities among participants and provides participants with guidelines to handle them.Conceptual Framework (means) (ends) Formalization Goal Specificity Input Output Rational System Conclusion 1. Rationality in this paper can be viewed in two senses as follows: 1. 1) Technical or Functional rationality which can be attained through a serie s of actions (means) which lead to predeterm ined goals (ends) with maximum eff iciency. In short, Technical or Functional rationality emphasizes instrumental means-ends efficiency. Taylor’s and Fayol’s theories are related to rationa lity in this sense. 1. ) Formal rationality which can be derived through imposing rules an regulations to organization. Weber defined bureaucracy as rational in this sen se. 2. Level of Analysis 1. 1) Social psychological level. Taylor and Simon focus on individual participants as they perform tasks or make decision. 1. 2) Structural level. Fayol and Weber attempt to analyze the characteristics of organizational structures. Direction for my further research According to the paper above, I would like to examine which ideas of the above theories are still applicable to current information technology era.Furtherm ore, adding to my personal interest in strategic management, I would like to a nalyze how classical theories influence managers on strategic decision-making. Please see the su mmarized table in the next page. Table: Summarize and compare four organization theories. Taylor Fayol Weber Simon Year introduced 1911 1916 1922 1958 Means l Scientifically analyzed tasks performed by individual workers. l Concer ned with management at the shop levels l Generated broad administration princi ples. l Focused on activities of all managers l Described organizational activi ty on the basis of authority relations. Proposed rational-legal authority as a value to develop bureaucracy. l Proposed â€Å"bounded rationality† individuals have limits (boundaries) on how rational they can be. l Introduced means-ends chains. Ends Max. efficiency by using one best way. Max. efficiencyby using management expertise Max. efficiency by using bureaucratic structure Choose a fairly goo d solution, not optimal one. Assumptions Technical & Functional Rationality Technical & Functional Rational ity Formal Rationality Bounded rationalityLevel of Analysis Social Psychological Structura l Structural SocialPsychologic al Arguments 1) Workers resistedTime-study procedures, attempting to standardize every aspect of performance. 2) Workers rejected incentive system, requiring th em to perform continuously at a peak of efficiency. 1) So-called principles ar e truthful, but not realistic. 2) Simon: Due to limitations & constraints, the se principles are not thoroughly applicable. Self-contradictions 1) Based on d iscipline: Obedience is a mean to an end. 2) Based on bureaucracy: Obedience is an end itself.

The Importance Of Birth Control - 818 Words

How has birth control benefited us today? In the past, many women were constantly having unwanted pregnancies because they did not know how to prevent it. There are many people today that have more than 10 siblings because they’re parents didn’t have knowledge of birth control to help take care of themselves. The Comstock act of 1873 was passed in the United States which prohibited to spread any knowledge of birth control. Birth control was a controversial idea because there were people that did not agree with it because of religion, it was believed the be a crime. Margaret Sanger dedicated her life to get information out into the world to save women and children from unwanted pregnancies so they can have a better future. Women were not†¦show more content†¦Sanger believes that â€Å"to prevent repetition, to effect the salvation of the generation of the future- nay of the generation of today- our greatest need is first of all the ability to face the situation without flinching, and to cooperate in the formation of a code of sexual ethos based upon a thorough biological understanding of human nature.† Sanger says that birth control is important in order to prevent unwanted pregnancies which can lead to poverty because the baby would be born at the wrong time when the parents aren’t ready. It is important to prevent the future generation from repeating the last generation. The birth control movement wasn’t always successful. While Sanger was doing her best to change the future for women, many people did not believe in her. Sanger had opened the very first birth control in the United States in 1916. Sanger and her sister were later arrested and sent to jail for 30 days for breaking the Comstock law. The Comstock law prohibited any knowledge of birth control to be spread, it was illegal but Sanger did everything in her power to teach women how to protect themselves. Sanger published an article called â€Å"The Woman Rebel† which promoted birth control by giving information about it and teaching them what they can do to prevent pregnancies. In today’s society, birth control has become veryShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Birth Control1349 Words   |  6 PagesShould birth control be accessible to women? Should birth control be covered by insurance? There are many public debates covering the topic of birth control. Some of these debates cover which methods of contraception are the most effective ways at obtaining couple’s reproductive plans, while other debates include whether or not insurance should cover the cost of contraceptive, also the short and long term effects, how to increase use of birth control among sexually active individuals, and there areRead MoreThe Importance of Birth Control Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pagesabout birth control because they don’t want to get fat. That to me sounds ridiculous because either you gain a little weight by taking birth control or you gain a lot when you actually become pregnant. So if you don’t want to put your life on hold then I suggest you thin k of methods to avoid becoming pregnant. I’m not saying it’s bad to be pregnant but it all comes at its own time and you don’t want to be surprised one day and find out you’re going to be a young or single parent. Birth control hasRead MoreImportance Of Birth Control In The 21st Century1423 Words   |  6 PagesBirth control is a vital necessity in the 21st century for various reason. This paper is about taking a proactive stance for birth control, sex education and condoms, before conception mainly to promote a healthy society. It is needed more responsibly in the 21st century for a healthier society to thrive and grow at a rate that is not explosive. Birth control is not a new subject in matter compared to the 18th and 19th century methods which was rarely discussed but practiced and abstinence just wasRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Teen Pregnancy1242 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Center for Disease Control or the CDC website teen pregnancy and birth rates have been steadily decreasing since early 1990. In 2015 it was reported that in females between the ages of 15-17 only 22 off 1,000 births were reported (TEEN PREGNANCY LOWEST ON RECORD, 2017). Although the rates are steadily dropping, the U.S. still has a much higher rate of teen age pregnancies to those of other developed countries. Canada only reports 13 per 1,000 in teen births ranging from 15-19 years of ageRead MoreBirth Control : A Controversial Topic Since The 1960 S1718 Words   |  7 PagesBirth control has been a controversial topic since the 1960’s, when the pill arose on the scene and gained popularity. Men and women of certain religious faiths have sought to prevent other women from using birth control. However, most women want to be able to choose when the time is right for them to have a child. This is why birth control is essential, because it allows women and couples in general the freedom to choose and plan their families. In many cases the need to control women by controllingRead MoreAnalysis Of Abortion By Jennifer Davis1137 Words   |  5 PagesHailey Vadnais Women Left Behind by the Reproductive Rights Movement Two feminist readings, â€Å"Abortion† by Jennifer Saul and â€Å"Racism, Birth Control, and Reproductive Rights† by Angela Davis, both cover the important feminist topics of abortion and reproductive rights, but in different ways. Though very alike, the pieces are different in important ways, as they both bring ideas to the table that work in tandem with each other, as I will discuss below. In this paper, I will cover the differenceRead MoreEssay about The Importance of the Army in Spartan Society.785 Words   |  4 PagesThe importance of the army in Spartan society: The entire Spartan society revolved around the army, essentially making it the key aspect of Spartan life and culture. The army influenced areas such as education and social structure as well as being the most important defence of Sparta in both combat and reputation. After an embarrassing defeat at the battle of Hysiai Sparta went through great military change, these changes dramatically changed all other areas of Spartan life, turning Sparta intoRead MoreMoral Objections Of Birth Control Coverage868 Words   |  4 Pages2015 Moral Objections to Birth Control Coverage As human beings, we get involved in sexual relationships. When it comes to topics of sex a lot of people have their right and wrong reasons. Birth control is a controversial concept in which individuals in sexual relationships deal with on a daily basis. A person with more religious and moral values will say birth control is unacceptable depending on the religion. Not all religions are anti birth control. Birth control is a major controversyRead MoreMargaret Sanger Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagesher life to acquiring the right for women to prevent pregnancies through the use of contraceptives. After years of dedication and hard work, Margaret Sanger not only accomplished what she had hoped for-making people understand the importance and necessity of birth control, but also accomplishes something greater by extending womens rights as well. In a society where it was considered inappropriate for girls to know about their anatomy and its functions, let alone talk and read about it, MargaretRead MoreA Visit At The Bakersfield College Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagesthat I would like to discuss was with my 21 years old Native American female and her newborn son in her home. The purpose of this home visit was to check how the infant was doing because he was in the NICU after birth to rule out sepsis and also to check how the mother was doing after the birth of her first child. She lives in her parent’s house with her siblings and boyfriend, and total seven people live in that house. The new mother is currently is not working, but she is taking classes at the Bakersfield